2025 Практикум ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Раздел "Чтение". Задания №№ 12–18

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Like so many parents, I have thousands of unsorted jpegs of my children on my phone and laptop. Few of these get printed, let alone framed. I made a beautiful album documenting my first son’s first year in the world, but abandoned all such niceties in favour of survival once number two came along. Towards the end of writing my book Family Photography Now, when every interruption from my two small boys was met with irritation or impatience, I came across a piece of research suggesting that children who grow up with family photographs around the home develop greater confidence and self-esteem. It appeared that I was so busy trying to finish a book about family photography, I couldn’t possibly find time to sort through pictures of my own kids. This stung my conscience. Shackled by a working mother’s guilt, I printed more than 1,000 photos from the last three years. The boys were elated. We reminisced, cuddled and laughed as we looked through a mountain of 6in x 4in prints, sent packages to grandparents, plastered the fridge with happy memories and finally made our contribution to the nursery’s family tree display. Naturally, I binned all the photos in which I looked fat, fed-up or frustrated, along with all those that triggered memories of days out ruined by whingeing or stand-offs over eating vegetables. If I was finally going to make a family album, it was only going to show happy days. Isn’t that the point? Family life can be thankless and boring at times. We don’t need photographs to remind us of that. We need them to help us remember it more fondly, supporting us against the sometimes troubling reality. The extent to which we survive and – with luck – thrive within our family has a lot to do with the narrative we tell ourselves about it, and photographs play a powerful role in shaping that. In 1900, when Kodak launched the Box Brownie camera, priced at $1 and preloaded with film, more and more families began to take their own pictures. First smiles, first steps, birthdays, and holidays made up the vast majority of the so-called Kodak moments of the 20th century. Almost every middle-class family around the world owned some kind of point-and-shoot camera by the end of the 20th century. But it was the combined influence of digital photography and mobile phone technology at the start of the 21st century that almost universalised access to the medium. Today, the United Nations estimates that 6 billion of the world’s 7 billion people have mobile phones, and at least 80% of those have cameras. The vast majority of people taking pictures now have only ever done so on a phone, and “photo chat” has become an essential way to stay connected to family and friends. But what exactly makes a good family photo? The internet is awash with articles offering tips and techniques for showing off the best effect: keep everyone close together but avoid placing people in a straight line; locate head heights for a nice rise-and-fall rhythm; show the special relationship between Mum and Dad that glues everyone together; hold hands, high five or all jump for joy at the same time. As the photographer Martin Parr has said: “Most family albums are a form of propaganda, where the family looks perfect and everyone is smiling.” “Look at us! So loving, so happy, so normal.” That has been the basic message of family photography for decades. Today’s families may strike more informal poses than their Victorian counterparts and assemble their images on digital walls rather than in physical albums, but the domestic photograph is still, largely, a tool for self-promotion. 14. How did the author’s sons feel when the photos were printed? 1) They were conscious. 2) They were calm. 3) They were enlightened. 4) They were delighted.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Like so many parents, I have thousands of unsorted jpegs of my children on my phone and laptop. Few of these get printed, let alone framed. I made a beautiful album documenting my first son’s first year in the world, but abandoned all such niceties in favour of survival once number two came along. Towards the end of writing my book Family Photography Now, when every interruption from my two small boys was met with irritation or impatience, I came across a piece of research suggesting that children who grow up with family photographs around the home develop greater confidence and self-esteem. It appeared that I was so busy trying to finish a book about family photography, I couldn’t possibly find time to sort through pictures of my own kids. This stung my conscience. Shackled by a working mother’s guilt, I printed more than 1,000 photos from the last three years. The boys were elated. We reminisced, cuddled and laughed as we looked through a mountain of 6in x 4in prints, sent packages to grandparents, plastered the fridge with happy memories and finally made our contribution to the nursery’s family tree display. Naturally, I binned all the photos in which I looked fat, fed-up or frustrated, along with all those that triggered memories of days out ruined by whingeing or stand-offs over eating vegetables. If I was finally going to make a family album, it was only going to show happy days. Isn’t that the point? Family life can be thankless and boring at times. We don’t need photographs to remind us of that. We need them to help us remember it more fondly, supporting us against the sometimes troubling reality. The extent to which we survive and – with luck – thrive within our family has a lot to do with the narrative we tell ourselves about it, and photographs play a powerful role in shaping that. In 1900, when Kodak launched the Box Brownie camera, priced at $1 and preloaded with film, more and more families began to take their own pictures. First smiles, first steps, birthdays, and holidays made up the vast majority of the so-called Kodak moments of the 20th century. Almost every middle-class family around the world owned some kind of point-and-shoot camera by the end of the 20th century. But it was the combined influence of digital photography and mobile phone technology at the start of the 21st century that almost universalised access to the medium. Today, the United Nations estimates that 6 billion of the world’s 7 billion people have mobile phones, and at least 80% of those have cameras. The vast majority of people taking pictures now have only ever done so on a phone, and “photo chat” has become an essential way to stay connected to family and friends. But what exactly makes a good family photo? The internet is awash with articles offering tips and techniques for showing off the best effect: keep everyone close together but avoid placing people in a straight line; locate head heights for a nice rise-and-fall rhythm; show the special relationship between Mum and Dad that glues everyone together; hold hands, high five or all jump for joy at the same time. As the photographer Martin Parr has said: “Most family albums are a form of propaganda, where the family looks perfect and everyone is smiling.” “Look at us! So loving, so happy, so normal.” That has been the basic message of family photography for decades. Today’s families may strike more informal poses than their Victorian counterparts and assemble their images on digital walls rather than in physical albums, but the domestic photograph is still, largely, a tool for self-promotion. 18. What unites old and modern family photos? 1) The families strike more informal poses. 2) The desire to avoid placing people in a straight line. 3) The key idea of happiness and love. 4) The wish to show the special relationship.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Like so many parents, I have thousands of unsorted jpegs of my children on my phone and laptop. Few of these get printed, let alone framed. I made a beautiful album documenting my first son’s first year in the world, but abandoned all such niceties in favour of survival once number two came along. Towards the end of writing my book Family Photography Now, when every interruption from my two small boys was met with irritation or impatience, I came across a piece of research suggesting that children who grow up with family photographs around the home develop greater confidence and self-esteem. It appeared that I was so busy trying to finish a book about family photography, I couldn’t possibly find time to sort through pictures of my own kids. This stung my conscience. Shackled by a working mother’s guilt, I printed more than 1,000 photos from the last three years. The boys were elated. We reminisced, cuddled and laughed as we looked through a mountain of 6in x 4in prints, sent packages to grandparents, plastered the fridge with happy memories and finally made our contribution to the nursery’s family tree display. Naturally, I binned all the photos in which I looked fat, fed-up or frustrated, along with all those that triggered memories of days out ruined by whingeing or stand-offs over eating vegetables. If I was finally going to make a family album, it was only going to show happy days. Isn’t that the point? Family life can be thankless and boring at times. We don’t need photographs to remind us of that. We need them to help us remember it more fondly, supporting us against the sometimes troubling reality. The extent to which we survive and – with luck – thrive within our family has a lot to do with the narrative we tell ourselves about it, and photographs play a powerful role in shaping that. In 1900, when Kodak launched the Box Brownie camera, priced at $1 and preloaded with film, more and more families began to take their own pictures. First smiles, first steps, birthdays, and holidays made up the vast majority of the so-called Kodak moments of the 20th century. Almost every middle-class family around the world owned some kind of point-and-shoot camera by the end of the 20th century. But it was the combined influence of digital photography and mobile phone technology at the start of the 21st century that almost universalised access to the medium. Today, the United Nations estimates that 6 billion of the world’s 7 billion people have mobile phones, and at least 80% of those have cameras. The vast majority of people taking pictures now have only ever done so on a phone, and “photo chat” has become an essential way to stay connected to family and friends. But what exactly makes a good family photo? The internet is awash with articles offering tips and techniques for showing off the best effect: keep everyone close together but avoid placing people in a straight line; locate head heights for a nice rise-and-fall rhythm; show the special relationship between Mum and Dad that glues everyone together; hold hands, high five or all jump for joy at the same time. As the photographer Martin Parr has said: “Most family albums are a form of propaganda, where the family looks perfect and everyone is smiling.” “Look at us! So loving, so happy, so normal.” That has been the basic message of family photography for decades. Today’s families may strike more informal poses than their Victorian counterparts and assemble their images on digital walls rather than in physical albums, but the domestic photograph is still, largely, a tool for self-promotion. 12. Why did the author abandon all such niceties related to taking family photos? 1) She didn’t have enough time because she was writing a book. 2) She was annoyed and irritated. 3) She didn’t have enough time because her second child was born. 4) She had too many photos of her children.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Like so many parents, I have thousands of unsorted jpegs of my children on my phone and laptop. Few of these get printed, let alone framed. I made a beautiful album documenting my first son’s first year in the world, but abandoned all such niceties in favour of survival once number two came along. Towards the end of writing my book Family Photography Now, when every interruption from my two small boys was met with irritation or impatience, I came across a piece of research suggesting that children who grow up with family photographs around the home develop greater confidence and self-esteem. It appeared that I was so busy trying to finish a book about family photography, I couldn’t possibly find time to sort through pictures of my own kids. This stung my conscience. Shackled by a working mother’s guilt, I printed more than 1,000 photos from the last three years. The boys were elated. We reminisced, cuddled and laughed as we looked through a mountain of 6in x 4in prints, sent packages to grandparents, plastered the fridge with happy memories and finally made our contribution to the nursery’s family tree display. Naturally, I binned all the photos in which I looked fat, fed-up or frustrated, along with all those that triggered memories of days out ruined by whingeing or stand-offs over eating vegetables. If I was finally going to make a family album, it was only going to show happy days. Isn’t that the point? Family life can be thankless and boring at times. We don’t need photographs to remind us of that. We need them to help us remember it more fondly, supporting us against the sometimes troubling reality. The extent to which we survive and – with luck – thrive within our family has a lot to do with the narrative we tell ourselves about it, and photographs play a powerful role in shaping that. In 1900, when Kodak launched the Box Brownie camera, priced at $1 and preloaded with film, more and more families began to take their own pictures. First smiles, first steps, birthdays, and holidays made up the vast majority of the so-called Kodak moments of the 20th century. Almost every middle-class family around the world owned some kind of point-and-shoot camera by the end of the 20th century. But it was the combined influence of digital photography and mobile phone technology at the start of the 21st century that almost universalised access to the medium. Today, the United Nations estimates that 6 billion of the world’s 7 billion people have mobile phones, and at least 80% of those have cameras. The vast majority of people taking pictures now have only ever done so on a phone, and “photo chat” has become an essential way to stay connected to family and friends. But what exactly makes a good family photo? The internet is awash with articles offering tips and techniques for showing off the best effect: keep everyone close together but avoid placing people in a straight line; locate head heights for a nice rise-and-fall rhythm; show the special relationship between Mum and Dad that glues everyone together; hold hands, high five or all jump for joy at the same time. As the photographer Martin Parr has said: “Most family albums are a form of propaganda, where the family looks perfect and everyone is smiling.” “Look at us! So loving, so happy, so normal.” That has been the basic message of family photography for decades. Today’s families may strike more informal poses than their Victorian counterparts and assemble their images on digital walls rather than in physical albums, but the domestic photograph is still, largely, a tool for self-promotion. 17. According to the author, the history of family photos shows that ... 1) the most common photos reflected family history. 2) digital photography is improving the communication. 3) families bought cameras because they were cheap. 4) families tried to keep their history in a digital form.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Like so many parents, I have thousands of unsorted jpegs of my children on my phone and laptop. Few of these get printed, let alone framed. I made a beautiful album documenting my first son’s first year in the world, but abandoned all such niceties in favour of survival once number two came along. Towards the end of writing my book Family Photography Now, when every interruption from my two small boys was met with irritation or impatience, I came across a piece of research suggesting that children who grow up with family photographs around the home develop greater confidence and self-esteem. It appeared that I was so busy trying to finish a book about family photography, I couldn’t possibly find time to sort through pictures of my own kids. This stung my conscience. Shackled by a working mother’s guilt, I printed more than 1,000 photos from the last three years. The boys were elated. We reminisced, cuddled and laughed as we looked through a mountain of 6in x 4in prints, sent packages to grandparents, plastered the fridge with happy memories and finally made our contribution to the nursery’s family tree display. Naturally, I binned all the photos in which I looked fat, fed-up or frustrated, along with all those that triggered memories of days out ruined by whingeing or stand-offs over eating vegetables. If I was finally going to make a family album, it was only going to show happy days. Isn’t that the point? Family life can be thankless and boring at times. We don’t need photographs to remind us of that. We need them to help us remember it more fondly, supporting us against the sometimes troubling reality. The extent to which we survive and – with luck – thrive within our family has a lot to do with the narrative we tell ourselves about it, and photographs play a powerful role in shaping that. In 1900, when Kodak launched the Box Brownie camera, priced at $1 and preloaded with film, more and more families began to take their own pictures. First smiles, first steps, birthdays, and holidays made up the vast majority of the so-called Kodak moments of the 20th century. Almost every middle-class family around the world owned some kind of point-and-shoot camera by the end of the 20th century. But it was the combined influence of digital photography and mobile phone technology at the start of the 21st century that almost universalised access to the medium. Today, the United Nations estimates that 6 billion of the world’s 7 billion people have mobile phones, and at least 80% of those have cameras. The vast majority of people taking pictures now have only ever done so on a phone, and “photo chat” has become an essential way to stay connected to family and friends. But what exactly makes a good family photo? The internet is awash with articles offering tips and techniques for showing off the best effect: keep everyone close together but avoid placing people in a straight line; locate head heights for a nice rise-and-fall rhythm; show the special relationship between Mum and Dad that glues everyone together; hold hands, high five or all jump for joy at the same time. As the photographer Martin Parr has said: “Most family albums are a form of propaganda, where the family looks perfect and everyone is smiling.” “Look at us! So loving, so happy, so normal.” That has been the basic message of family photography for decades. Today’s families may strike more informal poses than their Victorian counterparts and assemble their images on digital walls rather than in physical albums, but the domestic photograph is still, largely, a tool for self-promotion. 13. Why did the author decide to print more than 1,000 photos from the last three years? 1) Because a study proved the importance of family photos. 2) Because she wanted to sort through pictures of her own kids. 3) Because she wanted her small boys to be less irritated or impatient. 4) Her relatives blamed her for working too much.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Like so many parents, I have thousands of unsorted jpegs of my children on my phone and laptop. Few of these get printed, let alone framed. I made a beautiful album documenting my first son’s first year in the world, but abandoned all such niceties in favour of survival once number two came along. Towards the end of writing my book Family Photography Now, when every interruption from my two small boys was met with irritation or impatience, I came across a piece of research suggesting that children who grow up with family photographs around the home develop greater confidence and self-esteem. It appeared that I was so busy trying to finish a book about family photography, I couldn’t possibly find time to sort through pictures of my own kids. This stung my conscience. Shackled by a working mother’s guilt, I printed more than 1,000 photos from the last three years. The boys were elated. We reminisced, cuddled and laughed as we looked through a mountain of 6in x 4in prints, sent packages to grandparents, plastered the fridge with happy memories and finally made our contribution to the nursery’s family tree display. Naturally, I binned all the photos in which I looked fat, fed-up or frustrated, along with all those that triggered memories of days out ruined by whingeing or stand-offs over eating vegetables. If I was finally going to make a family album, it was only going to show happy days. Isn’t that the point? Family life can be thankless and boring at times. We don’t need photographs to remind us of that. We need them to help us remember it more fondly, supporting us against the sometimes troubling reality. The extent to which we survive and – with luck – thrive within our family has a lot to do with the narrative we tell ourselves about it, and photographs play a powerful role in shaping that. In 1900, when Kodak launched the Box Brownie camera, priced at $1 and preloaded with film, more and more families began to take their own pictures. First smiles, first steps, birthdays, and holidays made up the vast majority of the so-called Kodak moments of the 20th century. Almost every middle-class family around the world owned some kind of point-and-shoot camera by the end of the 20th century. But it was the combined influence of digital photography and mobile phone technology at the start of the 21st century that almost universalised access to the medium. Today, the United Nations estimates that 6 billion of the world’s 7 billion people have mobile phones, and at least 80% of those have cameras. The vast majority of people taking pictures now have only ever done so on a phone, and “photo chat” has become an essential way to stay connected to family and friends. But what exactly makes a good family photo? The internet is awash with articles offering tips and techniques for showing off the best effect: keep everyone close together but avoid placing people in a straight line; locate head heights for a nice rise-and-fall rhythm; show the special relationship between Mum and Dad that glues everyone together; hold hands, high five or all jump for joy at the same time. As the photographer Martin Parr has said: “Most family albums are a form of propaganda, where the family looks perfect and everyone is smiling.” “Look at us! So loving, so happy, so normal.” That has been the basic message of family photography for decades. Today’s families may strike more informal poses than their Victorian counterparts and assemble their images on digital walls rather than in physical albums, but the domestic photograph is still, largely, a tool for self-promotion. 15. Which of the following did the family do when they had so many photos? 1) They decided to climb the mountain to take some more photos. 2) They wanted to repaint the fridge to make it brighter. 3) They helped to make a chart that showed the family members. 4) They bought tasty things to send them to grandparents.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Like so many parents, I have thousands of unsorted jpegs of my children on my phone and laptop. Few of these get printed, let alone framed. I made a beautiful album documenting my first son’s first year in the world, but abandoned all such niceties in favour of survival once number two came along. Towards the end of writing my book Family Photography Now, when every interruption from my two small boys was met with irritation or impatience, I came across a piece of research suggesting that children who grow up with family photographs around the home develop greater confidence and self-esteem. It appeared that I was so busy trying to finish a book about family photography, I couldn’t possibly find time to sort through pictures of my own kids. This stung my conscience. Shackled by a working mother’s guilt, I printed more than 1,000 photos from the last three years. The boys were elated. We reminisced, cuddled and laughed as we looked through a mountain of 6in x 4in prints, sent packages to grandparents, plastered the fridge with happy memories and finally made our contribution to the nursery’s family tree display. Naturally, I binned all the photos in which I looked fat, fed-up or frustrated, along with all those that triggered memories of days out ruined by whingeing or stand-offs over eating vegetables. If I was finally going to make a family album, it was only going to show happy days. Isn’t that the point? Family life can be thankless and boring at times. We don’t need photographs to remind us of that. We need them to help us remember it more fondly, supporting us against the sometimes troubling reality. The extent to which we survive and – with luck – thrive within our family has a lot to do with the narrative we tell ourselves about it, and photographs play a powerful role in shaping that. In 1900, when Kodak launched the Box Brownie camera, priced at $1 and preloaded with film, more and more families began to take their own pictures. First smiles, first steps, birthdays, and holidays made up the vast majority of the so-called Kodak moments of the 20th century. Almost every middle-class family around the world owned some kind of point-and-shoot camera by the end of the 20th century. But it was the combined influence of digital photography and mobile phone technology at the start of the 21st century that almost universalised access to the medium. Today, the United Nations estimates that 6 billion of the world’s 7 billion people have mobile phones, and at least 80% of those have cameras. The vast majority of people taking pictures now have only ever done so on a phone, and “photo chat” has become an essential way to stay connected to family and friends. But what exactly makes a good family photo? The internet is awash with articles offering tips and techniques for showing off the best effect: keep everyone close together but avoid placing people in a straight line; locate head heights for a nice rise-and-fall rhythm; show the special relationship between Mum and Dad that glues everyone together; hold hands, high five or all jump for joy at the same time. As the photographer Martin Parr has said: “Most family albums are a form of propaganda, where the family looks perfect and everyone is smiling.” “Look at us! So loving, so happy, so normal.” That has been the basic message of family photography for decades. Today’s families may strike more informal poses than their Victorian counterparts and assemble their images on digital walls rather than in physical albums, but the domestic photograph is still, largely, a tool for self-promotion. 16. According to the author, is it right to eliminate photos from the family album? 1) It is right because sometimes she doesn’t look good. 2) It is right because the photos reflect unpleasant moments. 3) It is not right because the photos help to overcome difficulties 4) It is not right because of their powerful role for children’s upbringing.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Dreaming When you fall asleep, you enter a strange and magical world. This is the world of dreams. In Greek and Roman times, it was believed that gods communicated with people through dreams and that dreams could predict the future. Often these dreams were difficult to understand, so a person known as an oracle would be consulted to interpret the dream. The oracles that could correctly understand the dreams were highly valued since they advised what needed to be done or avoided in the future. In the 20th century psychologists such as Sigmund Freud developed the theory that dreams express our deepest fears and desires. Therefore, common dreams such as failing a test or being late may simply be an expression of what you are afraid of, while dreams of becoming a millionaire may just express what we wish. However, some dreams might not be so obvious and can be cloaked in symbols that only a trained specialist can interpret. This is actually similar to the oracle mentioned above, only instead of predicting the future the psychoanalyst explained the psychological meaning of a dream. According to the latest scientific research, dreams are simply random signals that are interpreted by the brain. When we sleep, some parts of the brain are activated, such as the visual centres of the brain, while other parts are deactivated, like those that are responsible for logic, which is why even though dreams are so strange, we don't question them or understand that we are dreaming. A consequence of this theory is that dreams are simply mixed up memories, fears and worries and therefore don't need to be interpreted to be understood. Some people claim that they don't dream at all. Scientific research has proven this false. When we dream, our eyes move rapidly beneath our closed eyelids. This is known as Rapid Eye Movement or REM. Even animals dream, some even more than humans. Dolphins dream the least, while opossums dream the most. The reason some people don't remember that they were dreaming is that following REM sleep is another stage called deep sleep, where we don't dream. During this stage dreams are forgotten. If people wake up during REM sleep, they remember having dreamt. If they wake up during the stage of deep sleep, they may have the illusion that they did not dream at all. A new kind of dreaming that has recently been studied is called lucid dreaming. This is a dream where you understand that you are dreaming and can control it. Normally when you are dreaming, the part of the brain responsible for logic is turned off. Somehow during a lucid dream, these logical centres are activated and a person is half-awake and half-dreaming. One of the benefits of lucid dreaming is being able to avoid a nightmare by realizing that it is just a dream. Another positive outcome of lucid dreams is that they are very fun. One of the first things people usually try in a lucid dream is flying, and the thrill of exploring a dream and being able to control it is an unforgettable experience. 18. People who have lucid dreams like them because lucid dreaming 1) enables you to get well rested from sleeping. 2) allows you to have a good time. 3) turns off the part of the brain responsible for logic. 4) can be used for therapeutic purposes.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Dreaming When you fall asleep, you enter a strange and magical world. This is the world of dreams. In Greek and Roman times, it was believed that gods communicated with people through dreams and that dreams could predict the future. Often these dreams were difficult to understand, so a person known as an oracle would be consulted to interpret the dream. The oracles that could correctly understand the dreams were highly valued since they advised what needed to be done or avoided in the future. In the 20th century psychologists such as Sigmund Freud developed the theory that dreams express our deepest fears and desires. Therefore, common dreams such as failing a test or being late may simply be an expression of what you are afraid of, while dreams of becoming a millionaire may just express what we wish. However, some dreams might not be so obvious and can be cloaked in symbols that only a trained specialist can interpret. This is actually similar to the oracle mentioned above, only instead of predicting the future the psychoanalyst explained the psychological meaning of a dream. According to the latest scientific research, dreams are simply random signals that are interpreted by the brain. When we sleep, some parts of the brain are activated, such as the visual centres of the brain, while other parts are deactivated, like those that are responsible for logic, which is why even though dreams are so strange, we don't question them or understand that we are dreaming. A consequence of this theory is that dreams are simply mixed up memories, fears and worries and therefore don't need to be interpreted to be understood. Some people claim that they don't dream at all. Scientific research has proven this false. When we dream, our eyes move rapidly beneath our closed eyelids. This is known as Rapid Eye Movement or REM. Even animals dream, some even more than humans. Dolphins dream the least, while opossums dream the most. The reason some people don't remember that they were dreaming is that following REM sleep is another stage called deep sleep, where we don't dream. During this stage dreams are forgotten. If people wake up during REM sleep, they remember having dreamt. If they wake up during the stage of deep sleep, they may have the illusion that they did not dream at all. A new kind of dreaming that has recently been studied is called lucid dreaming. This is a dream where you understand that you are dreaming and can control it. Normally when you are dreaming, the part of the brain responsible for logic is turned off. Somehow during a lucid dream, these logical centres are activated and a person is half-awake and half-dreaming. One of the benefits of lucid dreaming is being able to avoid a nightmare by realizing that it is just a dream. Another positive outcome of lucid dreams is that they are very fun. One of the first things people usually try in a lucid dream is flying, and the thrill of exploring a dream and being able to control it is an unforgettable experience. 12. Ancient Greeks and Romans believed that oracles 1) were difficult to understand. 2) put hidden messages into dreams. 3) could tell you what your dreams meant. 4) avoided having dreams about the future.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Dreaming When you fall asleep, you enter a strange and magical world. This is the world of dreams. In Greek and Roman times, it was believed that gods communicated with people through dreams and that dreams could predict the future. Often these dreams were difficult to understand, so a person known as an oracle would be consulted to interpret the dream. The oracles that could correctly understand the dreams were highly valued since they advised what needed to be done or avoided in the future. In the 20th century psychologists such as Sigmund Freud developed the theory that dreams express our deepest fears and desires. Therefore, common dreams such as failing a test or being late may simply be an expression of what you are afraid of, while dreams of becoming a millionaire may just express what we wish. However, some dreams might not be so obvious and can be cloaked in symbols that only a trained specialist can interpret. This is actually similar to the oracle mentioned above, only instead of predicting the future the psychoanalyst explained the psychological meaning of a dream. According to the latest scientific research, dreams are simply random signals that are interpreted by the brain. When we sleep, some parts of the brain are activated, such as the visual centres of the brain, while other parts are deactivated, like those that are responsible for logic, which is why even though dreams are so strange, we don't question them or understand that we are dreaming. A consequence of this theory is that dreams are simply mixed up memories, fears and worries and therefore don't need to be interpreted to be understood. Some people claim that they don't dream at all. Scientific research has proven this false. When we dream, our eyes move rapidly beneath our closed eyelids. This is known as Rapid Eye Movement or REM. Even animals dream, some even more than humans. Dolphins dream the least, while opossums dream the most. The reason some people don't remember that they were dreaming is that following REM sleep is another stage called deep sleep, where we don't dream. During this stage dreams are forgotten. If people wake up during REM sleep, they remember having dreamt. If they wake up during the stage of deep sleep, they may have the illusion that they did not dream at all. A new kind of dreaming that has recently been studied is called lucid dreaming. This is a dream where you understand that you are dreaming and can control it. Normally when you are dreaming, the part of the brain responsible for logic is turned off. Somehow during a lucid dream, these logical centres are activated and a person is half-awake and half-dreaming. One of the benefits of lucid dreaming is being able to avoid a nightmare by realizing that it is just a dream. Another positive outcome of lucid dreams is that they are very fun. One of the first things people usually try in a lucid dream is flying, and the thrill of exploring a dream and being able to control it is an unforgettable experience. 16. According to the article, animals 1) have dreams more often than humans. 2) have the same stages of sleep as humans. 3) like opossums have a longer deep sleep stage. 4) differ in the amount of dreams they experience.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Dreaming When you fall asleep, you enter a strange and magical world. This is the world of dreams. In Greek and Roman times, it was believed that gods communicated with people through dreams and that dreams could predict the future. Often these dreams were difficult to understand, so a person known as an oracle would be consulted to interpret the dream. The oracles that could correctly understand the dreams were highly valued since they advised what needed to be done or avoided in the future. In the 20th century psychologists such as Sigmund Freud developed the theory that dreams express our deepest fears and desires. Therefore, common dreams such as failing a test or being late may simply be an expression of what you are afraid of, while dreams of becoming a millionaire may just express what we wish. However, some dreams might not be so obvious and can be cloaked in symbols that only a trained specialist can interpret. This is actually similar to the oracle mentioned above, only instead of predicting the future the psychoanalyst explained the psychological meaning of a dream. According to the latest scientific research, dreams are simply random signals that are interpreted by the brain. When we sleep, some parts of the brain are activated, such as the visual centres of the brain, while other parts are deactivated, like those that are responsible for logic, which is why even though dreams are so strange, we don't question them or understand that we are dreaming. A consequence of this theory is that dreams are simply mixed up memories, fears and worries and therefore don't need to be interpreted to be understood. Some people claim that they don't dream at all. Scientific research has proven this false. When we dream, our eyes move rapidly beneath our closed eyelids. This is known as Rapid Eye Movement or REM. Even animals dream, some even more than humans. Dolphins dream the least, while opossums dream the most. The reason some people don't remember that they were dreaming is that following REM sleep is another stage called deep sleep, where we don't dream. During this stage dreams are forgotten. If people wake up during REM sleep, they remember having dreamt. If they wake up during the stage of deep sleep, they may have the illusion that they did not dream at all. A new kind of dreaming that has recently been studied is called lucid dreaming. This is a dream where you understand that you are dreaming and can control it. Normally when you are dreaming, the part of the brain responsible for logic is turned off. Somehow during a lucid dream, these logical centres are activated and a person is half-awake and half-dreaming. One of the benefits of lucid dreaming is being able to avoid a nightmare by realizing that it is just a dream. Another positive outcome of lucid dreams is that they are very fun. One of the first things people usually try in a lucid dream is flying, and the thrill of exploring a dream and being able to control it is an unforgettable experience. 13. The 20th century psychologists thought that dreams 1) could predict the future. 2) contained meaningless symbols. 3) could be interpreted by anyone. 4) reflected a person's inner feelings.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Dreaming When you fall asleep, you enter a strange and magical world. This is the world of dreams. In Greek and Roman times, it was believed that gods communicated with people through dreams and that dreams could predict the future. Often these dreams were difficult to understand, so a person known as an oracle would be consulted to interpret the dream. The oracles that could correctly understand the dreams were highly valued since they advised what needed to be done or avoided in the future. In the 20th century psychologists such as Sigmund Freud developed the theory that dreams express our deepest fears and desires. Therefore, common dreams such as failing a test or being late may simply be an expression of what you are afraid of, while dreams of becoming a millionaire may just express what we wish. However, some dreams might not be so obvious and can be cloaked in symbols that only a trained specialist can interpret. This is actually similar to the oracle mentioned above, only instead of predicting the future the psychoanalyst explained the psychological meaning of a dream. According to the latest scientific research, dreams are simply random signals that are interpreted by the brain. When we sleep, some parts of the brain are activated, such as the visual centres of the brain, while other parts are deactivated, like those that are responsible for logic, which is why even though dreams are so strange, we don't question them or understand that we are dreaming. A consequence of this theory is that dreams are simply mixed up memories, fears and worries and therefore don't need to be interpreted to be understood. Some people claim that they don't dream at all. Scientific research has proven this false. When we dream, our eyes move rapidly beneath our closed eyelids. This is known as Rapid Eye Movement or REM. Even animals dream, some even more than humans. Dolphins dream the least, while opossums dream the most. The reason some people don't remember that they were dreaming is that following REM sleep is another stage called deep sleep, where we don't dream. During this stage dreams are forgotten. If people wake up during REM sleep, they remember having dreamt. If they wake up during the stage of deep sleep, they may have the illusion that they did not dream at all. A new kind of dreaming that has recently been studied is called lucid dreaming. This is a dream where you understand that you are dreaming and can control it. Normally when you are dreaming, the part of the brain responsible for logic is turned off. Somehow during a lucid dream, these logical centres are activated and a person is half-awake and half-dreaming. One of the benefits of lucid dreaming is being able to avoid a nightmare by realizing that it is just a dream. Another positive outcome of lucid dreams is that they are very fun. One of the first things people usually try in a lucid dream is flying, and the thrill of exploring a dream and being able to control it is an unforgettable experience. 15. People who say that they never have any dreams, 1) simply don't remember them. 2) have problems with their eyes. 3) do not get enough sleep. 4) are similar to dolphins.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Dreaming When you fall asleep, you enter a strange and magical world. This is the world of dreams. In Greek and Roman times, it was believed that gods communicated with people through dreams and that dreams could predict the future. Often these dreams were difficult to understand, so a person known as an oracle would be consulted to interpret the dream. The oracles that could correctly understand the dreams were highly valued since they advised what needed to be done or avoided in the future. In the 20th century psychologists such as Sigmund Freud developed the theory that dreams express our deepest fears and desires. Therefore, common dreams such as failing a test or being late may simply be an expression of what you are afraid of, while dreams of becoming a millionaire may just express what we wish. However, some dreams might not be so obvious and can be cloaked in symbols that only a trained specialist can interpret. This is actually similar to the oracle mentioned above, only instead of predicting the future the psychoanalyst explained the psychological meaning of a dream. According to the latest scientific research, dreams are simply random signals that are interpreted by the brain. When we sleep, some parts of the brain are activated, such as the visual centres of the brain, while other parts are deactivated, like those that are responsible for logic, which is why even though dreams are so strange, we don't question them or understand that we are dreaming. A consequence of this theory is that dreams are simply mixed up memories, fears and worries and therefore don't need to be interpreted to be understood. Some people claim that they don't dream at all. Scientific research has proven this false. When we dream, our eyes move rapidly beneath our closed eyelids. This is known as Rapid Eye Movement or REM. Even animals dream, some even more than humans. Dolphins dream the least, while opossums dream the most. The reason some people don't remember that they were dreaming is that following REM sleep is another stage called deep sleep, where we don't dream. During this stage dreams are forgotten. If people wake up during REM sleep, they remember having dreamt. If they wake up during the stage of deep sleep, they may have the illusion that they did not dream at all. A new kind of dreaming that has recently been studied is called lucid dreaming. This is a dream where you understand that you are dreaming and can control it. Normally when you are dreaming, the part of the brain responsible for logic is turned off. Somehow during a lucid dream, these logical centres are activated and a person is half-awake and half-dreaming. One of the benefits of lucid dreaming is being able to avoid a nightmare by realizing that it is just a dream. Another positive outcome of lucid dreams is that they are very fun. One of the first things people usually try in a lucid dream is flying, and the thrill of exploring a dream and being able to control it is an unforgettable experience. 14. Modern science tells us that dreams 1) have their own special logic. 2) don't have any important meaning. 3) don't allow the brain to rest at night. 4) activate a person's abstract thinking.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Dreaming When you fall asleep, you enter a strange and magical world. This is the world of dreams. In Greek and Roman times, it was believed that gods communicated with people through dreams and that dreams could predict the future. Often these dreams were difficult to understand, so a person known as an oracle would be consulted to interpret the dream. The oracles that could correctly understand the dreams were highly valued since they advised what needed to be done or avoided in the future. In the 20th century psychologists such as Sigmund Freud developed the theory that dreams express our deepest fears and desires. Therefore, common dreams such as failing a test or being late may simply be an expression of what you are afraid of, while dreams of becoming a millionaire may just express what we wish. However, some dreams might not be so obvious and can be cloaked in symbols that only a trained specialist can interpret. This is actually similar to the oracle mentioned above, only instead of predicting the future the psychoanalyst explained the psychological meaning of a dream. According to the latest scientific research, dreams are simply random signals that are interpreted by the brain. When we sleep, some parts of the brain are activated, such as the visual centres of the brain, while other parts are deactivated, like those that are responsible for logic, which is why even though dreams are so strange, we don't question them or understand that we are dreaming. A consequence of this theory is that dreams are simply mixed up memories, fears and worries and therefore don't need to be interpreted to be understood. Some people claim that they don't dream at all. Scientific research has proven this false. When we dream, our eyes move rapidly beneath our closed eyelids. This is known as Rapid Eye Movement or REM. Even animals dream, some even more than humans. Dolphins dream the least, while opossums dream the most. The reason some people don't remember that they were dreaming is that following REM sleep is another stage called deep sleep, where we don't dream. During this stage dreams are forgotten. If people wake up during REM sleep, they remember having dreamt. If they wake up during the stage of deep sleep, they may have the illusion that they did not dream at all. A new kind of dreaming that has recently been studied is called lucid dreaming. This is a dream where you understand that you are dreaming and can control it. Normally when you are dreaming, the part of the brain responsible for logic is turned off. Somehow during a lucid dream, these logical centres are activated and a person is half-awake and half-dreaming. One of the benefits of lucid dreaming is being able to avoid a nightmare by realizing that it is just a dream. Another positive outcome of lucid dreams is that they are very fun. One of the first things people usually try in a lucid dream is flying, and the thrill of exploring a dream and being able to control it is an unforgettable experience. 17. Lucid dreaming happens 1) when a person is at the "deep sleep" stage. 2) during the "Rapid Eye Movement" stage. 3) when a person is not completely asleep. 4) when a person is having a nightmare.