2025 Практикум ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Раздел "Чтение". Задание № 11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу. Duration of life and its social implications The world’s population is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic importance, when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers children under 5 for the first time. A new report by the US census bureau shows A___________________, with enormous consequences for both rich and poor nations. The rate of growth will shoot up in the next couple of years. The B___________________ a combination of the high birth rates after the Second World War and more recent improvements in health that are bringing down death rates at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global population will be more than nine billion by 2050. The US census bureau was the first to sound the C___________________. Its latest forecasts warn governments and international bodies that this change in population structure will bring widespread challenges at every level of human organization, starting with the structure of the family, which will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new burdens on carers and social services providers, D___________________ for health services and pensions systems. “People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives,” the authors conclude. “This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last century but also a significant challenge E___________________.” Ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to look at the older dependency ratio, F___________________ population that must be supported by them. The ODR is the number of people aged 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from just six in Kenya to 33 in Italy and Japan. The UK has an ODR of 26, and the US has 21. 1. which recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country 2. alarm about these changes 3. a huge shift towards an ageing population 4. change is due to 5. while patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications 6. which shows the balance between working-age people and the older 7. as proportions of older people increase in most countries

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу. On beaches and at pools around the world, children and adults of all ages wear simple shoes that consist of a thin rubber sole with a y-shaped strap that goes across the top of the foot and between the first (“big”) and second toes. Yes, we're talking about flip-flops! All you need to do to figure out A__________________ is to walk around in a pair of them for just a little while. Because of how they're made, the rubber soles slap against the bottom of your feet as you walk, making a flip-flop, flip-flop sound. Not everyone around the world calls them “flip-flops,” though. In New Zealand, they're called “jandals” (short for Japanese sandals). They're “thongs” in Australia and "plakkies" in South Africa. Even some areas of the United States have special names for them, B__________________. C__________________, they go way, way back in time. Experts believe flip-flops have been around for at least 6,000 years. Ancient Egyptian murals on tombs and temples show D_________________. In Japan, shoes similar to flip-flops are called zori. They are traditionally worn by Japanese children when learning to walk. People believe flipflops first appeared in America after World War II, E_______________. Flip-flops then became even more popular after soldiers returned from the Korean War in the 1950s. Modern stores carry a wide variety of styles, and flip-flops are as common at the mall as they are at the pool or the beach. F_____________ foot doctors will warn you not to wear them too often or for extended periods of time. Flip-flops do not provide ankle support. In addition, their overall lack of foot support has been linked to several different foot-related problems. 1. although the name “flip-flops” originated in America in the 1950s 2. although many people find flip-flops quite comfortable 3. why we call them “flip-flops” 4. when returning soldiers brought zori back from Japan as souvenirs 5. such as “zories” on the East Coast, “clam diggers” in Texas, and “slippers” in Hawaii 6. that flip-flops were worn around 4,000 B.C. 7. although flip-flops began as just a summer shoe popular with surfers

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу. If you eat very quickly, it may be enough to increase your risk of being overweight, research suggests. Osaka University scientists looked at the eating habits of 3,000 people. Just about half of them told researchers that they A__________________. Compared with those who did not eat quickly, fast-eating men were 84% more likely to be overweight, and women were 100% more likely to B__________________. Japanese scientists said that there were a number of reasons why eating fast C__________________. They said it could prevent the work of a signalling system which tells your brain to stop eating because your stomach is full. They said: ‘If you eat quickly you basically fill your stomach before the system has a chance to react, so you D__________________. The researchers also explained that a mechanism that helps make us fat today, developed with evolution and helped people get more food in the periods when they were short of it. The scientists added that the habit of eating fast could be received from one’s parents genes or E__________________. They said that, if possible, children should be taught to F__________________, and allowed to stop when they felt full up at mealtimes. ‘The advice of our grandmothers about chewing everything 20 times might be true — if you take a bit more time eating, it could have a positive influence on your weight. 1. just overfill your stomach 2. could be bad for your weight 3. have a habit of eating quickly 4. linked to obesity 5. eat as slowly as possible 6. put on weight 7. learned at a very early age

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу. Elephants sense ‘danger’ clothes St Andrews University researchers discovered that elephants could recognise the degree of danger posed by various groups of individuals. The study found that African elephants always reacted with fear A___________________ previously worn by men of the Maasai tribe. They are known to demonstrate their courage by B___________________. The elephants also responded aggressively to red clothing, which defines traditional Maasai dress. However, the elephants showed a much milder reaction to clothing previously worn by the Kamba people, C___________________ and pose little threat. The researchers first presented elephants with clean, red clothing and with red clothing that had been worn for five days by D___________________. They revealed that Maasai-smelt clothing motivated elephants to travel significantly faster in the first minute after they moved away. They then investigated whether elephants could also use the colour of clothing as a cue to classify a potential threat and found the elephants reacted with aggression E___________________. This suggested that they associated the colour red with the Maasai. The researchers believe the distinction in the elephants’ emotional reaction to smell and colour might be explained by F___________________. They might be able to distinguish among different human groups according to the level of risk they posed. «We regard this experiment as just a start to investigating precisely how elephants ‘see the world’, and it may be that their abilities will turn out to equal or exceed those of our closer relatives, the monkeys and apes,» researchers added. 1. either a Maasai or a Kamba man 2. who do not hunt elephants 3. when they detected the smell of clothes 4. who carried out the research 5. the amount of risk they sense 6. spearing elephants 7. when they spotted red but not white cloth

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу. Hi-Tech Brings Families Together Technology is helping families stay in touch like never before, says a report carried out in the US. Instead of driving people apart, mobile phones and the Internet are A__________________. The research looked at the differences in technology use between families with children and single adults. It found that traditional families have more hi-tech gadgets in their home B__________________. Several mobile phones were found in 89% of families and 66% had a high-speed Internet connection. The research also found that 58% of families have more C__________________. Many people use their mobile phone to keep in touch and communicate with parents and children. Seventy percent of couples, D__________________, use it every day to chat or say hello. In addition, it was found that 42% of parents contact their children via their mobile every day. The growing use of mobile phones, computers and the Internet means that families no longer gather round the TV to spend time together. 25% of those who took part in the report said they now spend less time E__________________. Only 58% of 18—29 year olds said they watched TV every day. Instead the research found that 52% of Internet users who live with their families go online F__________________ several times a week and 51% of parents browse the web with their children. Some analysts have worried that new technologies hurt families, but we see that technology allows for new kinds of connectedness built around cell phones and the Internet/ said the report. 1. than any other group 2. watching television 3. in the company of someone else 4. than two computers in the home 5. communicated with their families 6. helping them communicate 7. owning a mobile

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу. America’s fun place on America’s main street If any city were considered a part of every citizen in the United States, it would be Washington, DC. To many, the Old Post Office Pavilion serves A__________________. If you are in the area, be a part of it all by visiting us — or B__________________. Doing so will keep you aware of the latest musical events, great happenings and international dining, to say the least. Originally built in 1899, the Old Post Office Pavilion embodied the modern spirit C__________________. Today, our architecture and spirit of innovation continues to evolve and thrive. And, thanks to forward-thinking people, you can now stroll through the Old Post Office Pavilion and experience both D__________________ with international food, eclectic shopping and musical events. All designed to entertain lunch, mid-day and after work audiences all week long. A highlight of the Old Post Office Pavilion is its 315-foot Clock Tower. Offering a breath-taking view of the city, National Park Service Rangers give free Clock Tower tours every day! Individuals and large tour groups are all welcome. The Old Post Office Clock Tower also proudly houses the official United States Bells of Congress, a gift from England E__________________. The Washington Ringing Society sounds the Bells of Congress every Thursday evening and on special occasions. Visit the Old Post Office Pavilion, right on Pennsylvania Avenue between the White House and the Capitol. It is a great opportunity F__________________, this is a landmark not to be missed no matter your age. 1. by joining our e-community 2. that are offered to the visitors 3. its glamorous past and fun-filled present 4. that was sweeping the country 5. to learn more about American history 6. as a landmark reminder of wonderful experiences 7. celebrating the end of the Revolutionary War

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу. "Second Stonehenge" discovered near original Archaeologists have discovered evidence of what they believe was a second Stonehenge located a little more than a mile away from the world-famous prehistoric monument. The new find on the west bank of the river Avon has been called "Bluestonehenge", after the colour of the 25 Welsh stones of A___________________. Excavations at the site have suggested there was once a stone circle 10 metres in diameter and surrounded by a henge — a ditch with an external bank, according to the project director, Professor Mike Parker Pearson, of the University of Sheffield. The stones at the site were removed thousands of years ago but the sizes of the holes in B _________________ indicate that this was a circle of bluestones, brought from the Preseli mountains of Wales, 150 miles away. The standing stones marked the end of the avenue C__________________, a 1¾-mile long processional route constructed at the end of the Stone Age. The outer henge around the stones was built about 2400BC but arrowheads found in the stone circle indicate the stones were put up as much as 500 years earlier. Parker Pearson said his team was waiting for results of radiocarbon dating D__________________ whether stones currently in the inner circle of Stonehenge were originally located at the other riverside construction. Pearson said: "The big, big question is when these stones were erected and when they were removed — and when we get the dating evidence we can answer both those questions." He added: "We speculated in the past E____________________ at the end of the avenue near the river. But we were completely unprepared to discover that there was an entire stone circle. Another team member, Professor Julian Thomas, said the discovery indicated F_________________ was central to the religious lives of the people who built Stonehenge. "Old theories about Stonehenge that do not explain the evident significance of the river will have to be rethought," he said. Dr Josh Pollard, project co-director from the University of Bristol, described the discovery as "incredible". 1. which could reveal 2. which they stood 3. which it was once made up 4. that this stretch of the river Avon 5. that there might have been something 6. that it should be considered as integral part 7. that leads from the river Avon to Stonehenge

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу. Friendship and Love A strong friendship takes a significant amount of time to develop. It will not just magically mature overnight. A friendship involves committing oneself to help another person A__________________. I believe that, nothing can replace a true friend, not material objects, or money, and definitely not a boy. I met this guy a couple summers ago who I ended up spending almost all of my free time with. His parents did not approve of our dating because of our age difference, B__________________. He had told me the day we met that he had joined the air force and would leave for overseas that coming October. After three months had past, the time came when he had to leave. This left me feeling completely alone. I turned to my friends for support, but to my surprise, C__________________. I had spent so much time with this guy and so little time with them, that they did not feel sorry for me when he left. For so long they had become the only constant in my life, and I had taken them for granted over something D__________________. When my boyfriend came back, our relationship changed. I tried to fix all the aspects in my life that had gone so wrong in the previous six months. This experience taught me that true friendships will only survive if one puts forth effort to make them last. Keeping friends close will guarantee that E__________________. When a relationship falls apart, a friend will always do everything in their power to make everything less painful. As for me, I try to keep my friends as close as I can. I know they will always support me in whatever I do, and to them, I F__________________. 1. but we did anyway. 2. whenever a need arises. 3. they did not really care. 4. whenever they need your help. 5. could not guarantee would even last. 6. am eternally grateful for a second chance. 7. someone will always have a shoulder to cry on.

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу. The Power of "Hello" I work at a company where there are hundreds of employees. I know most of them and almost all of them know me. It is all based on one simple principle: I believe every single person deserves to be acknowledged, A__________________. When I was about 10 years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood, B__________________. After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother said something that has stuck with me from that day until now. She said, "You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody and not open up your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail C__________________". That phrase sounds simple, but it has been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am. I started to see that when I spoke to someone, they spoke back. And that felt good. It is not just something I believe in — D__________________. I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledges their presence, no matter how unimportant they may be. At work, I always used to say ‘hello’ to the founder of the company and ask him how our business was doing. But I was also speaking to the people in the cafe, and asked how their children were doing. I remembered after a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a meeting. We had a great talk. At a certain point, I asked him E__________________. He said, "If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat." I have become vice president, but that has not changed the way I approach people. I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am. I have learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, F__________________. 1. it has become a way of life. 2. when it passes you on the street. 3. when you see him and talk to him. 4. and it lets them come into mine, too. 5. so I did not pay any attention to him. 6. however small or simple the greeting is. 7. how far he thought I could go in his company.

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу. Fire Crews Hunt Escaped Hamster Eight firefighters have been called in to help find an escaped hamster. Two crews used a chocolate-covered camera and a vacuum cleaner A__________________, called Fudgie, at the home of a six-year-old girl in Dunbar, Scotland. The girl’s mother said: "We came down for breakfast and discovered Fudgie had opened the top lid of her cage and had made her way into the kitchen and we think she has gone B__________________." The fire crews spent five hours trying to recover the pet after it ran down a hole in the kitchen floor. But, the hamster still refused C__________________. In the search for Fudgie, the firefighters took the family cooker and gas pipes apart. They also dropped a mini-camera coated with chocolate under the floorboards. They then hoped to take out the hamster using a vacuum cleaner. Despite all their efforts, they failed to find Fudgie. In the end, the firefighters put another camera down the hole D__________________, connected to the screen of the family home computer, to see if Fudgie appeared. Besides, the girl and her parents regularly dropped food E__________________. At last, after eight days the hamster returned to her cage safe and sound. She crawled from the hole in the kitchen floor early in the morning. It was the girl’s father who first found Fudgie F__________________. The girl said that day it was like Christmas morning for her. Her parents added that they too felt extremely happy when Fudgie had finally returned. 1. through a small hole in the floor 2. through the hole for the hamster 3. and locked the runaway hamster 4. to come out of the hole 5. to look after the pet 6. to try and locate the missing hamster 7. and left it under the floorboards