Can Animals Empathize

Choose the correct variant. Even though chimpanzees pass the mirror test, they do not seem to conceive of others' - or even their own - mental states. I used to tell students that no one ever heard, saw, tasted or touched a mind. There is no way for me to experience your experience, ... that of a species other than my own. So although minds may exist, they fall outside the realm of science.

Choose the correct variant. I have since changed ... mind. A number of years ago I began to study whether primates could recognize themselves in a mirror.

Choose the correct variant. Most animals react to their images as if confronted with another animal. But chimpanzees, orangutans and, of course, humans learn that the reflections are representations of ... - these creatures are objects of their own attention and are aware of their own existence.

Choose the correct variant. In the past three decades, I and other researchers ... the mirror test in various ways to explore self-awareness in animals. I conclude that not only are some animals aware of themselves but that such self-awareness enables these animals to infer the mental states of others.

Choose the correct variant. In other words, species that pass the mirror test are also able to sympathize and attribute intent and emotions in others – abilities that some might consider the exclusive ... in humans.

Choose the correct variant. I began exploring self-awareness with mirrors in 1969, when I was at Tulane University. I presented a full-length mirror ... preadolescent chimpanzees at the university’s Delta Regional Primate Research Center.

Choose the correct variant. Initially, they reacted as if they were seeing other chimpanzees, but after a few days they ... to the mirror and began to use it to make faces, look at the inside of their mouths, and groom and inspect other parts of their bodies that they had never seen before.